Pen marks on leather can be frustrating, but it's essential to first identify the type of leather before attempting any cleaning, as incorrect methods can worsen the damage. Here are the various leather types and guidelines for removing pen marks:

• Pigmented Leather: This type has a protective paint layer. Water won't penetrate the surface, and the leather usually has a grained, satin finish.
• Aniline Leather: Porous and smooth, water will darken the leather as it absorbs.
• Suede: The reverse side of smooth leather or split leather.
• Nubuck: The sanded grain side of smooth leather with a velvety texture.
• PU/Bycast/Bicast Leather: Split leather with a polyurethane film on the surface, often shiny and plastic-like.

Biro Marks on Leather

Pigmented Leather: Pen marks on pigmented leather are common but not always easy to remove, especially if older than three days. Older marks typically require re-colouring since ink penetrates the leather deeper over time. Be careful not to use the wrong product, which could worsen the issue.

For fresh marks, use Geist Ink & Dye Remover. Always test the product on a hidden area first. Apply the remover directly onto the pen marks or spread with a cloth, then leave it to lift the colour for at least 30 minutes, longer for older stains. Some heavy or older staining may need an overnight treatment. Many dyes visibly swim to the surface of the remover liquid, while others may need some rubbing with a cotton bud to lift them from the grain. The cotton bud will absorb the dye as it loosens it. Wipe off the remover with a dry, absorbent cloth and repeat the treatment if needed.

When the pen mark or dye is no longer visible, clean the surface with Geist Rapid Leather & Vinyl Cleaner or a moist cloth and leave it to dry.

Finally, protect the surface with Geist Dye & Friction Blocker or Geist Repel to prevent future discolourations and friction damage.

Aniline Leather: Due to its sensitivity and porous nature, removing pen marks from aniline leather should be done by a leather expert. Using Geist Ink & Dye Remover may cause more staining, and Geist Easy Colour Restorer is only suitable for one-tone leather. Consult a specialist for best results.

Suede or Nubuck: These materials are delicate, and removing pen marks is difficult. It's recommended to seek professional help. Testing in a hidden area and using a Geist Leather Sanding Pad can help, but be cautious. Colour repair is generally not possible.

PU or Bicast Leather: PU leather tends to be darker, making pen marks less noticeable. Always test in a hidden area first without too much pressure, as the surface can be easily damaged. Colour repairs are possible for monochrome leather.

Ink Stains on Leather

Pigmented Leather: The process for ink stains is the same as for biro marks. For smudges or spots, use Geist Ink & Dye Remover to dissolve the ink, followed by re-colouring with Geist Easy Colour Restorer. Protect the area with Geist Dye & Friction Blocker or Geist Repel

Aniline Leather: This type is highly sensitive due to its open pores. Ink removal should only be attempted by a professional.

Suede or Nubuck: Ink stains are difficult to remove from suede or nubuck. You can try using the Geist Leather Sanding Pad , but deeper stains often cannot be fixed. Professional help is advised.

PU or Bicast Leather: The same process as for pigmented leather applies.

Summary

Fresh ballpoint pen or biro marks on pigmented leather can be removed with Geist Ink & Dye Remover. For older or larger stains, Geist Ink & Dye Remover and possible re-colouring with Geist Easy Colour Restorer are required. Deep ink stains on smooth leather or marks on suede and nubuck are generally not removable without professional intervention.